SHIELDS

Final Draft Controlling Propaganda

In the novel “Brave New World” by Aldous Huxley it is evident that the most important aspect of this society is control. In addition to biological engineering, conditioning people into a particular role in society is successful through the use of propaganda. It is a term that can be both good and bad, it just depends on what the overall plan is by the people in control. It can unite a nation and help destroy one. It’s a technique that has been used since the beginning of mankind, in trying to persuade people’s opinions but in doing so it can also undermine and violate peoples rights as shown in “Brave New World”. **This use of propaganda to persuade and often brainwash children directly relates to Hitler and the Nazi youth. These two different societies in very different time periods both used propaganda in different ways to achieve complete control. These differences help bring forth the similarities between the Worlds State and Germany during Hitler’s reign.**

In analyzing the different techniques used by these two societies, it is important to first understand the leaders and their motivations. Knowing that control is the main goal, who is in control should be of great importance as well. It is clear that Adolf Hitler is the leader of Nazi Germany with rulers and other important figures surrounding him. In relation to this, though there are multiple important leaders in the World State, Mustapha Mond is the most powerful character and obtains the most authority in this novel. It is these two leaders that then set forth a plan and different ideas and the tactics necessary in achieving that plan. Though their techniques both differ because of the different variations of propaganda use, the effects on the people however, are just the same. ('just the same' implies identical effects but this isn't true - are you thinking of a specific effect that both groups shared?)

In the book “Propaganda and World Public Order” by B. S. Murty, propaganda is defined as “the use by an elite of communication with the rank and file to shape the attitudes and behavior of the latter for political purposes” (p.1). Propaganda plays such a major role in the World State that in the first paragraph of the book it says that the World State’s motto is “Community, Identity, Stability.” (good close reading here!) This is written above the main entrance for everyone to see. They are trying to get everyone to agree with their system and it starts here with this message. Seeing this sign once will not make a difference but being constantly subjected to it will eventually have an effect on the individual. There can be various techniques behind propaganda whether its visual or auditory, it is supposed to be the constant notification that eventually is embedded into your memory resulting in persuasion. This is shown in “Brave New World” through its use of Hypnopaedia.

Hypnopaedia also known as sleep-teaching is a technique used in the World State in which the children hear a voice on loud speaker pertaining to their specific class. It tells them why they should enjoy being in the class they have been assigned to and describes their functions in society. In chapter two they are using Hypnopaedia on the Beta children when saying “I’m really glad I’m a Beta, because I don’t work so hard. And then we are much better than the Gammas and Deltas. Gammas are so stupid”. (Huxley p.35) This process is repeated forty to fifty times before they wake up and a total of hundred and twenty times three times a week for thirty months. (p.35) This in an example of propaganda because they children are constantly exposed to this voice on the loudspeaker telling them everything they want to hear and how happy they should be. Repeating this process that many times will eventually embed this idea into the children’s mind and will become second nature to them, especially learning this at such a young age. Using propaganda on the youth is an effective strategy and there wasn’t a more prominent supporter and abuser of this strategy than Hitler.

Hitler was one of the greatest speakers of all time because he was successful at manipulating crowds by following his guidelines. Baird states Hitlers ideas when saying “First, propaganda should always be directed to the uneducated masses, not to questioning intellectuals; the larger the crowd, the lower the intellectual level of speech. Secondly, propaganda should always appeal to the emotions and not to reason; simple themes should be repeated time and again. Material based on objective truth was worthless since **the nation ‘is not composed of diplomats and professors of international law, nor even of people capable of reasonable judgment, but of grown-up children with a predilection of irresolution, doubt and insecurity**’”. (pgs. 17-18) This quote shows the genius of Hitler in manipulating people through his ideas. He knew what people to preach to and how to get through to them. He realized that if he sounded convincing to a mass of uneducated people then they would listen and start to follow. The end of this quote shows his best idea of getting through to the nation and that is through the children. (he's not referring to children but to child-like adults) The youth was the group he had to target because they are the future and are at such an immature time of their life that they will take in information much easier than an adult.

Hitler stressed the importance of propaganda by creating a Propaganda ministry in 1933 in which he appointed his right hand man, Joseph Goebbels as the head of this party. Goebbels played a major role in Nazi propaganda and being in charge of a staff of 1,300 people, he became the face of Nazi propaganda. (Herf p. 20) Within six years, Goebbels and this ministry had departments of propaganda, the domestic press, the foreign press, the periodical press, radio, film, writers, theater, fine arts, music, and popular culture. (Herf p. 20) Goebbels had a conference everyday in which he reiterated orders to the government and the party. This shows Hitler’s and Goebbels stress on how important propaganda is and they started a major party, which has all kinds of departments, making it easier for them to utilize their propaganda. In “Propaganda in War” by Michael Balfour he talks about Hitler and Goebbels when he says “Goebbels now sent a circular to the Party saying that, since leadership was more difficult in war than in peace, all possibilities and means must be deployed to influence the mental attitudes of the entire population”. (p. 148) This is speaking about the importance to alter the mind or attitude of the common people. This is their idea of mass preaching and the importance it can have. (improve your citation style - "...Balfour writes about Goebbels' approach:...")

Propaganda can have many different definitions and Murty’s definition is true but Hitler and the Nazi’s had a different more extreme from of propaganda in which it was directed at the Jewish race. This concept of profound racism towards the Jews was sparked largely because of propaganda. This extreme notion that Jews were the inferior race was shown in the Nazi’s film “The External Jew” //The Eternal Jew//] in which it portrayed the Jews as “self seeking” and talked about their “lust for money”. (Baird p. 6) This film was shown so that the Germans know all the dangers of the Jews. The World State differentiated in the sense they did not bring forth complete hatred towards a particular group. This however does not mean they did not show racism. The hypnopaedia tactics show this when the children are told how their different from the other classes. This brings forth the idea of racism because the classes judge and avoid each other throughout the book.

In the book //Propaganda// by Jacques Ellul, he gives information on the importance of the leaders and common people being preached to. He says, “…the actual condition of the proletariat is nothing unless the proletariat is aware of that condition; that such awareness is simultaneously the creator of the labor class and the revolutionary will, and that it cannot occur spontaneously or individually. It is the fruit of what the workers are told by certain intellectuals, the result of an ‘education’-in reality, of a propaganda” (p. 288). This quote signifies the importance of the leader or elite that is using this tactic because they are the ones that control and develop the ideas for their society. This results in the common people believing what their leaders say. The beginning of the novel describes the factory that produces the human beings and how the different processes result in different castes in the world. This shows the World State’s necessity for complete control that they control how people are born and they premeditatedly decided their role in society. It is their way in going about this, which delves into propaganda use. This controlled society is very similar to what Hitler and the Nazi’s tried to do, create the perfect people for their society.

This idea of building a utopia or perfect society, is what drives Hitler’s ideas to the extreme. Hitler’s idea of the perfect Nazi was to be blonde and blue eyed even though he was not. This gives the prototype of what they are looking for and he was able to spread this idea through his efficient use of propaganda. This is similar to B.N.W. in how they control what the people look like and act by what happens in the Hatchery. They could control the looks by creating ninety-six pairs of identical twins from one egg through the Bokanovsky process. They could create thousands of brothers and sisters at one time. The mass control of the youth is just the first step into their brainwashing. Being created this way, the children believe that this is the most productive and efficient way, so much that they look at John Savage as an inferior because he has a mother and had a natural birth. In having certain physical attributes, these make the people differentiate themselves from others. This is interesting because they want everyone to be “one” in society yet through hypnopaedia they tell them how much different they are than the others in this society.

This concept of being “one” with each other can be related to Hitler’s use of nationalism. This is what motivates these leaders to try and create a proud and connected nation. Ellul talks about this idea and how it became important in Europe “…the colonial peoples saw in nationalism the image, the grandeur, the effectiveness of their victors, and adopted its form and passion to become victors in their turn…But this reasoning on the part of some intellectuals had no reality, no force, no efficacy until the nationalist passion inflamed hearts, until there was the systematic creation of a national exaltation with regard to a nation that did not exist. This was done through propaganda” (p.289). (like the World State, the Nazis had a motto: Ein Volk, Ein Reich, Ein Fuhrer! ) This quote shows the importance of nationalism and how propaganda is the backbone to having a unified nation. Hitler wanted to create a dynasty and his passion was to be victorious in doing so. He wanted to make it a stronger nation and he knew that to do so, propaganda was going to be vital. In conclusion, the ideas and tactics of Hitler and the leaders in “Brave New World” differentiated in some ways but the main goal was the same and that was to establish complete control over the people. The way they taught and preached propaganda lead to the brainwashing of the youth in both societies. In building a nation these leaders knew they had to focus on the future, that being the youth. Through propaganda Hitler was able to persuade millions of people into believing in, following and acting upon his ideas. The World State’s already had complete control but they had to maintain this status through many techniques, propaganda being of great importance in doing so. Though they are both completely different societies, Nazi Germany and the World State both found propaganda has an effective tool in establishing complete control in their society.

** Works Cited **
Baird, Jay W. //The Mythical World of Nazi War Propaganda, 1939-1945//. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 1974. Print.

Balfour, Michael. //Propaganda in War 1939-1945: Organisations, Policies and Publics in Britain and Germany.// London: Routledge & Kegan Poul, 1979. Print.

Ellul, Jacques. //Propaganda; the Formation of Men's Attitudes.// New York: Knopf, 1965. Print.

Herf, Jeffrey. //The Jewish Enemy: Nazi Propaganda during World War II and the Holocaust//. Cambridge, MA: Belknap of Harvard UP, 2006. Print.

Huxley, Aldous, and Aldous Huxley. //Brave New World: And, Brave New World Revisited//. New York: HarperCollins, 2004. Print.

Murty, B. S. //Propaganda and World Public Order; the Legal Regulation of the Ideological Instrument of Coercion,//. New Haven: Yale UP, 1968. Print.

Annotated Bibliography

 * Baird, Jay W. //Mythical World of Nazi War Propaganda//. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1974. Print. **
 * // Good source with Bibliography and Index. 329 pages. //**

Baird’s book, rather old, offers an intriguing perspective specifically on Nazi propaganda during the years of 1939-1945. The author gives great detail as to how propaganda lead into the many battles and wars of this time period. Baird gives insight as to how the Nazi leaders were able to manipulate the Germans through this tactic throughout their reigns. Covering all assets of Nazi propaganda, this book proves why the Nazi’s were able to reign with propaganda being the backbone for their success.


 * Herf, Jeffrey. //The Jewish Enemy.// Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2006. Print. **

// Excellent source with bibliography and Index. 390 pages. // This book examines the key political figures during WWII. Herf covers many interesting topics as to the reasoning for murdering millions of Jews during a World War. Through historical events Herf is able to cover the questionable topics as to the Nazi’s reasoning for the mass murder of millions of people. Herf explains how Hitler and the other political leaders where able to control the press and advantageously use propaganda.


 * Murty, B. S. //Propaganda and World Public Order; the Legal Regulation of the Ideological Instrument of Coercion,//. New Haven: Yale UP, 1968. Print. **

// Excellent source with Index. 310 pages //. This book gives information on propaganda and its influence on world politics. Murty puts forth a heavy focus on public policy and the mediation of propaganda use. Murty analyzes the controlling of propaganda and challenges the idea of not knowing what the intricacies of the problems are. Through historical events, the author explains his concern with policy clarification and the decision makers of these policies.

Brainstorming
When comparing these two subjects-starts at the beginning with the nazi youth and what tey are told just like the people from brave new world.

An intriguing aspect of this comparison is the time in which this novel was published. It is a novel about the future

To form a utopia or the perfect society. They bud and make hundreds of babies the classes are Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, or Epsilon, they are all of different class. Hitler tried to exterminate the Jews and the protoype was a blonde blue eyed boy.

Hitler and auxley-nationalism tying to egt the to become one. P. 289red book quote

Murty’s definition mentions political reasons which holds truth for Hitler and Huxley’s ideas. Though their ideas have many similarities they also show differences. They both want control but do not There similiarites are their processes as Hitlers exhilation fo the jews is similar to BNW because of the clases they have and how they are taught that certain classes and races are better than the others.

The hypnopaedic (sleep teaching methods) use of propaganda to brainwash them.

Talk about the time Bernard almost got exiled because they wanted to make a fool of him.

Use of propagnda results in brainwashing in both ideas. Any challenging of this results in punishment or condemnation. John Savage challenges the Soma

Brainstorming with Julie- She agreed with my idea of the publication of the novel and how the novel is about the future in which they use propaganda to help brainwash people. It was first published in the 30's and Hitler reigned in the 40's. This is intriguing because Hitler used similar tactics years after the book was written, holding truth to some of Huxley's ideas about the future.

Brave New World Revisited Ch V - "Propaganda Under a Dictatorship" -Intriguing ideas on Hitler and his use of technology, relates this to the World State in various aspects. -pg. 269 "Differed in one fundamental point from all its predecessors in history. It was the first dictatorship in the present period of modern technical development, a dictatorship which made complete use of all technical means for the domination of its own country. Through technical devices like the radio and loudspeaker, eighty million people were deprived of independent thought."

-Questioning authority-towards the end of paper. Bernard and John both questioned authority…especially John at the end…relate this to Hitler pg 270 revisited. Hitler did not concentrate on lower leadership which could was one of the reasons why it failed.

Hypnopaedia- ch.2 children sleeping and the recorded voice that keeps repeating their roles in society and how they complete their functions.

Rough Draft
In the novel “Brave New World” by Aldous Huxley it is evident that there is a use of propaganda through out the books entirety. When reading this novel it is obvious that the most important aspect of this society is control. They use various techniques to try and maintain this stability and one of these is the use of propaganda. It is a term that can be both good and bad, it just depends on what the overall plan is by the people of higher status. It can unite a country whether for good or bad purposes. It’s a technique that has been used since the beginning of mankind, in trying to persuade people’s opinions but in doing so it can also undermine and violate peoples rights. This use of propaganda to persuade and often brainwash children directly related to Hitler and the Nazi youth. In the book “Propaganda and World Public Order” by B. S. Murty, propaganda is defined as “the use by an elite of communication with the rank and file to shape the attitudes and behavior of the latter for political purposes” (p.1). Propaganda plays such a major role in the fabric of this society that in the first paragraph of the book it says that this World State’s motto is “Community, Identity, Stability.” This is written above the main entrance for everyone to see. They are trying to get everyone to unite and buy into the system. Seeing this sign once will not make a difference but being constantly subjected to it will eventually have an effect on the individual. There can be various techniques behind propaganda whether its visual or something you hear, it is supposed to be the constant notification that eventually is embedded into your memory resulting in persuasion. Propaganda can have many different definitions and Murty’s is true but Hitler and the Nazi’s had a different more extreme from of propaganda in which it was directed at the Jewish race. This concept of profound racism towards the Jews was sparked largely because of the certain kind of propaganda that was used. The extreme notion that Jews were the inferior race was shown in the Nazi’s film “The External Jew” in which it portrayed the Jews as “self seeking” and talked about their “lust for money”. (Baird p. 6) This film was shown so that the Germans know all the dangers of the Jews. Hitler was one of the greatest speakers of all time so he was successful at manipulating crowds by following his guidelines. Hitler’s ideas on propaganda are stated by Baird when he says “First, propaganda should always be directed to the uneducated masses, not to questioning intellectuals; the larger the crowd, the lower the intellectual level of speech. Secondly, propaganda should always appeal to the emotions and not to reason; simple themes should be repeated time and again. Material based on objective truth was worthless since the nation ‘is not composed of diplomats and professors of international law, nor even of people capable of reasonable judgment, but of grown-up children with a predilection of irresolution, doubt and insecurity’.” This quote shows the genius of Hitler in manipulating people through his ideas. He knew what people to preach to and how to get through to them. He realized that if he sounded convincing to a mass of uneducated people then they would listen and start to follow. The end of this quote shows his best idea of getting through to the nation and that is through the children. The youth was the group he had to target because of they are the future and are at such a immature time of their life that they will take in any information much easier than an adult. In the book “Propaganda” by Jacques Ellul he says “Marx is perfectly right when he says the actual condition of the proletariat is nothing unless the proletariat is aware of that condition; that such awareness is simultaneously the creator of the labor class and the revolutionary will, and that it cannot occur spontaneously or individually. It is the fruit of what the workers are told by certain intellectuals, the result of an ‘education’-in reality, of a propaganda” (p. 288). This quote signifies the importance of the leader or elite that is using this tactic because they are the ones that control and develop the ideas for their society. This results in the common people buying into what their leaders say. This is evident throughout “Brave New World”

First Draft
In the novel “Brave New World” by Aldous Huxley it is evident that there is a use of propaganda through out the books entirety. When reading this novel it is obvious that the most important aspect of this society is control. They use various techniques to try and maintain this stability and one of these is the use of propaganda. It is a term that can be both good and bad, it just depends on what the overall plan is by the people of higher status. It can unite a country no matter what the reasons are. It’s a technique that has been used since the beginning of mankind, in trying to persuade people’s opinions but in doing so it can also undermine and violate peoples rights as shown in “Brave New World”. This use of propaganda to persuade and often brainwash children directly related to Hitler and the Nazi youth. In the book “Propaganda and World Public Order” by B. S. Murty, propaganda is defined as “the use by an elite of communication with the rank and file to shape the attitudes and behavior of the latter for political purposes” (p.1). Propaganda plays such a major role in the fabric of this society that in the first paragraph of the book it says that this World State’s motto is “Community, Identity, Stability.” This is written above the main entrance for everyone to see. They are trying to get everyone to unite and buy into the system. Seeing this sign once will not make a difference but being constantly subjected to it will eventually have an effect on the individual. There can be various techniques behind propaganda whether its visual or something you hear, it is supposed to be the constant notification that eventually is embedded into your memory resulting in persuasion. Propaganda can have many different definitions and Murty’s definition is true but Hitler and the Nazi’s had a different more extreme from of propaganda in which it was directed at the Jewish race. This concept of profound racism towards the Jews was sparked largely because of the certain kind of propaganda that was used. The extreme notion that Jews were the inferior race was shown in the Nazi’s film “The External Jew” in which it portrayed the Jews as “self seeking” and talked about their “lust for money”. (Baird p. 6) This film was shown so that the Germans know all the dangers of the Jews. Hitler was one of the greatest speakers of all time and he was successful at manipulating crowds by following his guidelines. Hitler’s ideas on propaganda are stated by Baird when he says, “First, propaganda should always be directed to the uneducated masses, not to questioning intellectuals; the larger the crowd, the lower the intellectual level of speech. Secondly, propaganda should always appeal to the emotions and not to reason; simple themes should be repeated time and again. Material based on objective truth was worthless since the nation ‘is not composed of diplomats and professors of international law, nor even of people capable of reasonable judgment, but of grown-up children with a predilection of irresolution, doubt and insecurity’.” This quote shows the genius of Hitler in manipulating people through his ideas. He knew what people to preach to and how to get through to them. He realized that if he sounded convincing to a mass of uneducated people then they would listen and start to follow. The end of this quote shows his best idea of getting through to the nation and that is through the children. The youth was the group he had to target because of they are the future and are at such a immature time of their life that they will take in any information much easier than an adult. In the book “Propaganda” by Jacques Ellul he says “…the actual condition of the proletariat is nothing unless the proletariat is aware of that condition; that such awareness is simultaneously the creator of the labor class and the revolutionary will, and that it cannot occur spontaneously or individually. It is the fruit of what the workers are told by certain intellectuals, the result of an ‘education’-in reality, of a propaganda” (p. 288). This quote signifies the importance of the leader or elite that is using this tactic because they are the ones that control and develop the ideas for their society. This results in the common people buying into what their leaders say. This is shown throughout “Brave New World” in that it is a society based on complete control and it all starts with the leaders. The beginning of the novel describes the factory that produces the human beings and how the different processes result in different castes in the world. This shows the worlds necessity for complete control that they control how people are born and they premeditatedly decided their role in society. This controlled society is very similar to what Hitler and the Nazi’s tried to do, create a utopia. This idea of building a utopia or perfect society, is what drives these ideas to the extreme. Hitler’s idea of the perfect Nazi was to be blonde and blue eyed even though he was not. This gives the prototype of what they are looking for and he was able to spread this idea through his efficient use of propaganda. This is similar to B.N.W. in how they control what the people look like and act by what happens in the Hatchery. They could control the looks by creating ninety-six pairs of identical twins from one egg through the Bokanovsky process. They could create thousands of brothers and sisters at one time. The mass control of the youth is just the first step into their brainwashing. Being created this way, the children believe that this is the most productive and efficient way, so much that they look at John Savage as an inferior because he has a mother and had a natural birth. The classes they have are Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Epsilon. They are assigned to a class in the way they are conditioned when in the Hatchery. These classes play a major role throughout the novel in how everyone is treated. This is their own way of racism and how they look down at one another. Hitler’s hatred for Jews and other minorities is similar to this because he thought he was the Alpha male and that his blood was “pure” and the Jews were inferior so they were treated that way. The concept of nationalism is the way that their societies are structured and the driving point for their ideas. This is what motivates these leaders to try and create a proud and connected nation. Brave New World shows this with the sign on the entrance trying to prove that they are all “one” and together. Ellul talks about this idea and how it became important in Europe “…the colonial peoples saw in nationalism the image, the grandeur, the effectiveness of their victors, and adopted its form and passion to become victors in their turn…But this reasoning on the part of some intellectuals had no reality, no force, no efficacy until the nationalist passion inflamed hearts, until their was the systematic creation of a national exaltation with regard to a nation that did not exist. This was done through propaganda” (p.289). This quote shows the importance of nationalism and how propaganda is the backbone to having a unified nation. Hitler wanted to create a dynasty and his passion was to be victorious in doing so. He wanted to make it a stronger nation and he knew that to do so, propaganda is important. In conclusion, the ideas and tactics of Hitler and the leaders in “Brave New World” were very similar. The way they taught and preached propaganda lead to the brainwashing of the youth in their societies. The concept of children being at such an observational stage and absorbing everything and around them is what Hitler and Brave New World attacked.

Draft 2
In the novel “Brave New World” by Aldous Huxley it is evident that the most important aspect of this society is control. The idea of conditioning people into a particular role in society is successful through the use of propaganda. It is a term that can be both good and bad, it just depends on what the overall plan is by the people in control. It can unite a nation and help destroy one. It’s a technique that has been used since the beginning of mankind, in trying to persuade people’s opinions but in doing so it can also undermine and violate peoples rights as shown in “Brave New World”. This use of propaganda to persuade and often brainwash children directly relates to Hitler and the Nazi youth. These two different societies in very different time periods both used propaganda in different ways to achieve complete control. These differences help bring forth the similarities between the Worlds State and Germany during Hitler’s reign. In analyzing the different techniques used by these two societies, it is important to first understand the leaders and their motivations. Knowing that control is the main goal, who is in control should be of great importance as well. It is clear that Adolf Hitler is the leader of Nazi Germany with rulers and other important figures surrounding him. In relation to this, though there are multiple important leaders in the World State, Mustapha Mond is the most powerful character and obtains the most authority in this novel. It is these two leaders that then set forth a plan and different ideas and the tactics necessary in achieving that plan. Though their techniques both differ because of the different variations of propaganda use, the effects on the people however, are just the same. In the book “Propaganda and World Public Order” by B. S. Murty, propaganda is defined as “the use by an elite of communication with the rank and file to shape the attitudes and behavior of the latter for political purposes” (p.1). Propaganda plays such a major role in the World State that in the first paragraph of the book it says that the World State’s motto is “Community, Identity, Stability.” This is written above the main entrance for everyone to see. They are trying to get everyone to agree with their system and it starts here with this message. Seeing this sign once will not make a difference but being constantly subjected to it will eventually have an effect on the individual. There can be various techniques behind propaganda whether its visual or auditory, it is supposed to be the constant notification that eventually is embedded into your memory resulting in persuasion. This is shown in “Brave New World” through its use of Hypnopaedia. Hypnopaedia also known as sleep-teaching is a technique used in the World State in which the children hear a voice on loud speaker pertaining to their specific class. It tells them why they should enjoy being in the class they have been assigned to and describes their functions in society. In chapter two they are using Hypnopaedia on the Beta children when saying “I’m really glad I’m a Beta, because I don’t work so hard. And then we are much better than the Gammas and Deltas. Gammas are so stupid”. (Huxley p.35) This process is repeated forty to fifty times before they wake up and a total of hundred and twenty times three times a week for thirty months. (p.35) This in an example of propaganda because they children are constantly exposed to this voice on the loudspeaker telling them everything they want to hear and how happy they should be. Repeating this process that many times will eventually embed this idea into the children’s mind and will become second nature to them, especially learning this at such a young age. Using propaganda on the youth is an effective strategy and there wasn’t a more prominent supporter and abuser of this strategy than Hitler. Hitler was one of the greatest speakers of all time because he was successful at manipulating crowds by following his guidelines. Baird states Hitlers ideas when saying “First, propaganda should always be directed to the uneducated masses, not to questioning intellectuals; the larger the crowd, the lower the intellectual level of speech. Secondly, propaganda should always appeal to the emotions and not to reason; simple themes should be repeated time and again. Material based on objective truth was worthless since the nation ‘is not composed of diplomats and professors of international law, nor even of people capable of reasonable judgment, but of grown-up children with a predilection of irresolution, doubt and insecurity’”. (pgs. 17-18) This quote shows the genius of Hitler in manipulating people through his ideas. He knew what people to preach to and how to get through to them. He realized that if he sounded convincing to a mass of uneducated people then they would listen and start to follow. The end of this quote shows his best idea of getting through to the nation and that is through the children. The youth was the group he had to target because they are the future and are at such an immature time of their life that they will take in any information much easier than an adult. Hitler stressed the importance of propaganda by creating a Propaganda ministry in 1933 in which he appointed his right hand man, Joseph Goebbels as the head of this party. Goebbels played a major role in Nazi propaganda and being in charge of a staff of 1,300 people, he became the face of Nazi propaganda. (Herf p. 20) Within six years, Goebbels and this ministry had departments of propaganda, the domestic press, the foreign press, the periodical press, radio, film, writers, theater, fine arts, music, and popular culture. (Herf p. 20) Goebbels had a conference everyday in which he reiterated orders to the government and the party. This shows Hitler’s and Goebbels stress on how important propaganda is and they started a major party, which has all kinds of departments, making it easier for them to utilize their propaganda. Propaganda can have many different definitions and Murty’s definition is true but Hitler and the Nazi’s had a different more extreme from of propaganda in which it was directed at the Jewish race. This concept of profound racism towards the Jews was sparked largely because of propaganda. This extreme notion that Jews were the inferior race was shown in the Nazi’s film “The External Jew” in which it portrayed the Jews as “self seeking” and talked about their “lust for money”. (Baird p. 6) This film was shown so that the Germans know all the dangers of the Jews. The World State differentiated in the sense they did not bring forth complete hatred towards a particular group. This however does not mean they did not show racism. The hypnopaedia tactics show this when the children are told how their different from the other classes. This brings forth the idea of racism because the classes judge and avoid each other throughout the book.

In the book “Propaganda” by Jacques Ellul he says “…the actual condition of the proletariat is nothing unless the proletariat is aware of that condition; that such awareness is simultaneously the creator of the labor class and the revolutionary will, and that it cannot occur spontaneously or individually. It is the fruit of what the workers are told by certain intellectuals, the result of an ‘education’-in reality, of a propaganda” (p. 288). This quote signifies the importance of the leader or elite that is using this tactic because they are the ones that control and develop the ideas for their society. This results in the common people believing what their leaders say. The beginning of the novel describes the factory that produces the human beings and how the different processes result in different castes in the world. This shows the worlds necessity for complete control that they control how people are born and they premeditatedly decided their role in society. This controlled society is very similar to what Hitler and the Nazi’s tried to do, create a utopia. This idea of building a utopia or perfect society, is what drives these ideas to the extreme. Hitler’s idea of the perfect Nazi was to be blonde and blue eyed even though he was not. This gives the prototype of what they are looking for and he was able to spread this idea through his efficient use of propaganda. This is similar to B.N.W. in how they control what the people look like and act by what happens in the Hatchery. They could control the looks by creating ninety-six pairs of identical twins from one egg through the Bokanovsky process. They could create thousands of brothers and sisters at one time. The mass control of the youth is just the first step into their brainwashing. Being created this way, the children believe that this is the most productive and efficient way, so much that they look at John Savage as an inferior because he has a mother and had a natural birth. The classes they have are Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Epsilon. They are assigned to a class in the way they are conditioned when in the Hatchery. These classes play a major role throughout the novel in how everyone is treated. This is their own way of racism and how they look down at one another. Hitler’s hatred for Jews and other minorities is similar to this because he thought he was the Alpha male and that his blood was “pure” and the Jews were inferior so they were treated that way. The concept of nationalism is the way that their societies are structured and the driving point for their ideas. This is what motivates these leaders to try and create a proud and connected nation. Brave New World shows this with the sign on the entrance trying to prove that they are all “one” and together. Ellul talks about this idea and how it became important in Europe “…the colonial peoples saw in nationalism the image, the grandeur, the effectiveness of their victors, and adopted its form and passion to become victors in their turn…But this reasoning on the part of some intellectuals had no reality, no force, no efficacy until the nationalist passion inflamed hearts, until their was the systematic creation of a national exaltation with regard to a nation that did not exist. This was done through propaganda” (p.289). This quote shows the importance of nationalism and how propaganda is the backbone to having a unified nation. Hitler wanted to create a dynasty and his passion was to be victorious in doing so. He wanted to make it a stronger nation and he knew that to do so, propaganda is important. In conclusion, the ideas and tactics of Hitler and the leaders in “Brave New World” were very similar. The way they taught and preached propaganda lead to the brainwashing of the youth in their societies. The concept of children being at such an observational stage and absorbing everything and around them is what Hitler and Brave New World attacked.