ZOU

Brave New World: OR ?????? ( [] )

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Portfolio 3 Final Draft

Drug use and Motivation (you begin with an energetic but casual voice which I personally find inviting, but this tone is not considered appropriate for academic research writing. Also note that the assignment is a research essay, not an argument) Should drug be legalized? Please don’t just say “No” based on the anti-drug propaganda that you might have been listened through your whole life. And also please don’t just say “Definitely yeah” without rational thinking about the bad influence of drug use to our bodies and society afterwards. So what should we do with drug, legalize it or not? Actually this is not the question I am attempting to ask. My purpose is to shift people’s focus point from what have the drug done to us to **why the drug use happens in this way in our real life in the first place.** This is a quite broad and complex question if we just want to find out why we need drug use exist in our world just from our own perspective, but it would be much easier if we just compare and contrast our societies with the society that Aldous Huxley had described in the Brave New World, which is a totally different society with different perspectives. Our real world and Brave New World are both involved with drug situation,  but the two societies have totally **different attitudes or purposes** when they face the drug issue.

First of all, in Brave New World, people barely has (since soma use is encouraged "addiction" wouldn't be an issue)  drug “ addition  effect” since they can easily get the Soma from the society, but we are unable to do it in our real world. In the Brave New world, there is a social system called World State. In this society, there is plentiful resource and goods for everyone, so everyone is happy in this society. But no matter how happy they are, they will still be bored sometime. After people have enough physical satisfaction, people start to want more **spiritual satisfaction**, so the Soma use is recommended. Soma is described to have combinational benefits which are “all the advantages of Christianity and alcohol; none of their defects” (Chapter 3). It is also a sort of pain-stop drug which has the amazing therapeutical effect that allows people to just take “one cubic centimeter cures ten gloomy sentiments” (Chapter 3). So the people’s attitude of drug use in Brave New World is encouraging people to try drugs, telling them drugs are delicious to have. However, the people in Brave New World seem to neglect the “addiction effect” of the Soma on people since whenever people want the Soma, Soma is provided on time. There is no strong “Soma urge” or “drug urge” in this Brave New World. But in our real world, people cannot get drug whenever and wherever they want, so once when people have “drug urge” and drug cannot be provided on time, then people will show their “addiction effect” which is that people will be crazy about looking for drugs and those people will keeping doing crazy, stupid things until they find drugs. In the real world that we are living in, we have to consider about this drug “addiction effect”. And since this situation won’t happen in the Brave New World, so I believe this explains why if our world has different attitude about drug use from the Brave New World.

Secondly, there is huge different  perspective about drug use purpose or motivation between our real world and Brave New World. In our real world, when people want to use drug, they will appear some certain preconditions. Scholars James Brown and Richard Pomazal did a research about Drug Use Motivation, they stated in their research: “based on the present findings and explanations, people appear to use drugs because they are immature, immoral, fixated, genetically defective, overcrowded, happy, sad, tired, bored, etc.” (Source #1)  and this almost summarize all the reasons or motivations about real world people would use drug. People in the Brave New World seem to have some common motivations as we have in real world, however, they also use drug for religion ritual purpose, which is a totally different point of view from our world. “The President made another sign of the T and sat down. The service had begun. The dedicated //soma// tablets were placed in the centre of the table. The loving cup of strawberry ice-cream //soma// was passed from hand to hand and, with the formula, "I drink to my annihilation," twelve times quaffed. Then to the accompaniment of the synthetic orchestra the First Solidarity Hymn was sung” (Chapter 5). Soma is considered as the ritual drug in Brave New World, and it is been used for ritual celebration. This is absolutely unacceptable for people at contemporary real world. World State believes that everyone lives in this society should be happy, so their religion is about how to get and pursue “happiness” (might considered as craziness by our moral standard). Once when we know the social custom in the Brave New World, so those absurd rituals might not sound as crazy as we heard at the first time.

Thirdly, people in our world have to consider healthy issue  over the drug use. In the Brave New World, the development of technologies has eliminated the general disease spreading. So I assume that there will be no blood transmission for AIDS if people try to use the injection to drug themselves as well. Because everyone in this world has been examined as clean as possible through their whole life which start from the test tube I suppose (because in Brave New World, everyone was born as Test Tube babies), thus there is almost no possibility for people to carry around AIDS in this world. However, in our world, the notorious drug use results in many people end up getting AIDS by injection. Martin Levinson wrote in his book: “the sharing of needles for injection of illegal drugs, mainly heroin, is the second leading cause of HIV infection among those presently diagnosed with AIDS in America”. (Source #5) Therefore, people will blame the drug for causing the AIDS spreading but not the needles because the drug use is the essential cause. So this is outside factor that discourages contemporary people to use drugs.

Fourthly, the consequence of drug use is different between our real world and Brave New World. It brings the crimes  to our real society but it brings the stability to the Brave New World. In the Brave New World, the World State is trying to keep everyone happy in order to keep the stability of the society by providing out the soma. So the more soma the people use, the more happiness they can feel, and then the more stable the World State society could be. “Take it,” insisted Henry Foster when he was trying to convince Bernard Max to take soma, “take it.” “Stability was practically assured” “One cubic centimeter cures ten gloomy sentiments”. (Chapter 3) This is just a random discussion in the daily life of World State, but we can easily perceive the importance of the soma and how it could affect the world’s stability. When People have the so-called “gloomy sentiments”, the World-State would worry about those sentiments may impact the stability of the social order, so they offer the soma to reduce the negative sentiments in order to reduce the potential threats of people’s “gloomy” unhappiness. This policy sounds really logically and necessarily  in the World-State society. But it will make no sense in our real world. In our world, people will always believe (dig deeper: __why__ do we believe these things?) the drug use will lead the drug users to have criminal behavior which is totally different consequence from social stability. The Scholars Larry Gaines and Peter Kraska did research about the Criminal Behavior in Population of Drug Users, they claimed: “Examinations of drug-using populations for the last few decades have found similarly high rates of criminal behavior. Surveys of populations of illegal drug users… found that a large majority had extensive criminal histories. In a population of over 400 street-injection-drug users in Miami, Florida, for example, McBride and Inciardi found that over 80 percent had been in jail in the last 5 years and about 45 percent had been incarcerated within the last 6 months. An analysis of over 25,000 street-injection-drug users from 63 cities found that some two-thirds were in jail in the last 5 years, with over one-third currently on probation or parole or awaiting trial.” (Source# 3) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">If people try to say that there is no strong evidence to prove that there is a direct relationship between the drug use and criminal behaviors, but we do have severe facts about criminal behaviors among the drug users from Gaines and Kraska’s research. So our real world believes that drug use will cause and enhance the instability of society instead of promoting the social stability in World State society.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">We have talked about so many different perspectives about drug use in both two societies. Now we can talk about same perspectives that both societies agree with each other. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Even though Brave New World and real world have different attitudes when they deal with the drugs issue, **the purpose behind the each social policy is to increase the economic growth.** In the Brave New World, the World State believes the strategy to increase the economic growth is to increase the consumption because that the more consumption occur, the more production will be. So the World State citizens are encouraged to consume as much products as possible. “Ending is better than mending” (Chapter 3) becomes the one of the most popular propaganda in this society. Under this social custom, people are encouraged to consume as much products as they want, do does the consumption of soma, because it will stimulate the production and eventually it will increase the world state economic strength. In the real world, the people and the government also believe that more consumption will lead to more production, but people’s drug spending will decrease the their income, so people will have less money to consume other products and this is not what the current government wants. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Different societies have different social circumstances, and because of those different circumstances, the policy-makers come up with different policies to serve their government in each society. For instance, Brave New World legalizes the drug because it could stabilize the World State, real world prefer not to legalize the drug because it will bring more economic costs than its benefits it could bring to society. Just like China has one-child policy and Australia has-more-child policy, the difference occurs is because China has too much population and Australia has too little. So when we say “should we legalize the drug or not?” We need to analyze the drug use and motivation for drug users under different circumstance, then decide to whether legalize it or not.



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Work Cite:

1. Brown, James and Pomazal, Richard. __Understanding Drug Use Motivation: A New Look at a Current Problem__. Journal of Health and Social Behavior. Vol. 18, No.2(Jun., 1977), PP. 212-222

2. Levinson, Martin. __The Drug Problem: A New View Using the General Semantics Approach.__ Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. 2002

3. Gaines, Larry and Kraska, Peter. __Drugs, Crime, and Justice—Contemporary Perspective__. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;">Waveland Press, Inc. 1997.

Outline for Portfolio 3 3. Conclusion: we need to make policy based on our realistic circumstances.
 * 1) Different perspective between the Brave New World and Our real world
 * 2) How many differences are they and how they form up under which circumstances.
 * "Drug addition" effect is different in two societies
 * Motivation is different, World-State even use the drug for religion
 * the Health Issue that drug could bring to people is different in two societies
 * Different economic cost and benifits due to the drug use in two societies

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY (I didn't use all od them)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">1. Brown, James and Pomazal, Richard. __Understanding Drug Use Motivation: A New Look at a Current Problem__. Journal of Health and Social Behavior. Vol. 18, No.2(Jun., 1977), PP. 212-222

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;">(Fair) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;">Based on the present findings and explanations, people appear to use drugs because they are immature, immoral, fixated, genetically defective, overcrowded, happy, sad, tired, bored, etc. Given the obvious variety and complexity of drug taking behavior, it appears highly unlikely that any single sociological or psychological variable will provide a sufficient explanation of drug use motivation.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">2. Gaines, Larry and Kraska, Peter. __Drugs, Crime, and Justice—Contemporary Perspective__. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;">Waveland Press, Inc. 1997

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;">(Good source, it shows the impact of drug use on the sustained criminal behavior, page 98) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;">There is some evidence that frequent hard-drug use maybe involved with a sustained criminal career. Longitudinal research indicates that most delinquents cease their illegal activity by late adolescence or early adulthood. Traditionally, getting a steady job, getting married, and having children was viewed as a sign of maturation and as increasing an individual’s stakes in conformity and therefore decreasing rates of illegal behavior. The UCR indicates s sharp drop in arrest rates for populations over 25 years of age. A wide variety of research data indicates that frequent drug use may severely interfere with that maturation process consequent reduction in crime. National and local studies have indicated that chronic serious delinquent offenders are more likely to become involved with hard-drug use, which, in turn, relates to continued participation in a criminal subculture and high rates of criminal behavior.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">3. Gaines, Larry and Kraska, Peter. __Drugs, Crime, and Justice—Contemporary Perspective__. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;">Waveland Press, Inc. 1997.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;">(Good source since it shows how the drug related to criminal behavior, page 96) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;">Criminal Behavior in Populations of Drug Users <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;">Examinations of drug-using populations for the last few decades have found similarly high rates of criminal behavior. Surveys of populations of illegal drug users in the late 1960s and early 1970s generally found that a large majority had extensive criminal histories. Recent local and national research has confirmed these early findings. In a population of over 400 street-injection-drug users in Miami, Florida, for example, McBride and Inciardi found that over 80 percent had been in jail in the last 5 years and about 45 percent had been incarcerated within the last 6 months. An analysis of over 25,000 street-injection-drug users from 63 cities found that some two-thirds were in jail in the last 5 years, with over one-third currently on probation or parole or awaiting trial. Consistently, examinations of populations of non-incarcerated drug users clearly show a high level of current involvement with criminal behavior and with the criminal justice system.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">4. Jacob, James. __Risks of Legalization.__ A Documentary History: Drugs and Drug Policy in America. Document 263. 1990. 358-359

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;">(Good source about why we cannot legalize drugs contemporarily, page 359)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;">It is mere speculation that making psychoactive drugs legal and inexpensive will reduce drug-related crime. It is also possible that, in a world of legal drugs, drugs experimenters and regular users will wish to increase their consumption; if so, they might still need as much money as they did under prohibition when drugs were more expensive. Moreover, legalization would cause economic hardship for many drug users because it would deprive them of the income that they currently derive from participation in the black market distribution system. Black-market wholesales and distributors, unless they are given a profitable role in the legalized distribution system, cannot be expected simply to wither away. More likely, they will continue to compete fiercely with one another and with legalized market for as much as of the drug market as possible. That might mean underpricing the legal market and providing more powerful drugs than are available on the legal market. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;">Furthermore, as consumption of mood-and mind-altering drugs increases, so too will the number of crimes committed under the influence of drug. Consider just the crime of drunk driving while intoxicated. Experts have come increasingly to see that drunk driving is a drug problem. This is a massive understatement. Drug legalization would be more like a cultural revolution than a change in policy. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;">… <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;">Given the extraordinary risks of such an experiment, and the fact that no other country in the world has sought to try it, one might have expected many people who today proclaim themselves to be “for legalization” to have demanded to know just what is meant by legalization, how it would work, and how it would affect key institutions of American society. These questions are being asked all too infrequently. The legalization debate continues to be waged at an abstract and simplistic level. Perhaps the most important negative effect of this current debate is that it is diverting time, resources, and attention from the more pressing question of how to reform the war on drugs so as to reduce drug use and more effectively, and to minimize social and economic costs while preserving civil liberties.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">5. Levinson, Martin. __The Drug Problem: A New View Using the General Semantics Approach.__ Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. 2002

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;">(Good source with good evidence, page 49-50)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;">Heroin and AIDS <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;">The sharing of needles for injection of illegal drugs, mainly heroin, is the second leading cause of HIV infection among those presently diagnosed with AIDS in America (it is the sharing of infected needles, not the drugs, that cause the problem). <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;">If the addicts were allowed to buy needles legally, there would probably be less of a shared needle problem but some argue this policy might give addicts the idea that society was endorsing their drug use. Other strategies could be used to reduce AIDS among heroin users. For example, if the police stopped arresting addicts for possession of needles and syringes, users might be more willing to keep their own needles. The promotion of sterilization procedures, such as handing out small bottles of bleach to addicts to clean their needles, might also help to check the spread of AIDS. An advantage of these strategies is that since they do not provide needles to addicts, they do not spread the means of heroin use, which is the main objection to needle-exchange and needle distribution programs.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">6. Levinson, Martin. __The Drug Problem: A New View Using the General Semantics Approach.__ Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. 2002

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;">(Good source, page 50) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;">Prohibition vs legalization <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;">Heroin prohibition has costs for society. There include more AIDS cases, drug crimes involved in buying and selling heroin, neighborhood disruption from open dealing, and expenditures on law enforcement resources that could be used elsewhere. But if heroin were legal, there would also be costs, and perhaps the most damaging would be the strong likelihood that more people would try this powerful narcotic, resulting in more strung-out heroin addicts living wasted lives with the little social usefulness. This probable outcome leads me to agree with Kleiman that keeping heroin illegal is a better policy than legalizing it.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">7. Tiffany, Stephen. __A Cognitive Model of Drug Urges and Drug-Use Behavior: Role of Automatic and Nonautomatic Processes__. Psychological Review. 1990, Vol. 97 No.2, 147-168

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;">(Fair source with extra knowledge about Drug Urges)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;">Contemporary urge models assume that urges are necessary but not sufficient for the production of drug use in ongoing addicts, are responsible for the initiation of relapse in abstinent addicts, and can be indexed across 3 classes of behavior: verbal report, over behavior, and somatovisceral response. A review of available data does not provide strong support for these assumptions. An alternative cognitive model of drug use and drug urges is proposed that hypothesizes that drug use in the addict is controlled by automatized action schemata. Urges are conceptualized as responses supported by nonautomatic cognitive processes activated in parallel with drug-use action schemata either in support of the schema or in support of attempts to block the execution of the schema. The implications of this model for the assessment of urge responding and drug-use behavior are presented.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">8. Reinarman, Craig and Kaal, Hendrien. __The Limited Relevance of Drug Policy: Cannabis in Amsterdam and in San Francisco__ AJPH 1 May 2004 : 836 - 842

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;">There is a trend among Western democracies toward liberalization of cannabis laws.(Cannabis includes both marijuana andhashish.) In 1976, the Netherlands adopted de facto decriminalization. Under Dutch law, possession remains a crime, but the national policy of the Ministry of Justice is to not enforce that law. After 1980, a system of “coffee shops” evolved in which the purchase of small quantities of cannabis by adults was informally tolerated and was then formally permitted in shops that were licensed.1–3 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">During the 1990s, Switzerland, Germany, Spain, Belgium, and Italy shifted their drug policies in the Dutch direction. Portugal decriminalized cannabis in 2001, and England similarly reclassified cannabis in 2004. Canada and New Zealand are currently considering cannabis decriminalization. These shifts constitute the first steps away from the dominant drug policy paradigm advocated by the United States, which is punishmentbased prohibition.4–6 Moving in the opposite direction, the United States has stiffened criminal penalties for drug offenses and has increased arrests for cannabis offenses. Since 1996, voters in 8 states and the District of Columbia have passed medical-marijuana initiatives, but the federal government has resisted implementation. In 2001, 723 627 people were arrested for marijuana offenses.7 In 2002, the Drug Enforcement Administration began raiding medical-marijuana organizations,8 and the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy launched a campaign against marijuana.9,10 Such policies are designed to deter use. The core empirical claim made by criminalization proponents is that, absent the threat of punishment, the prevalence, frequency, and quantity of cannabis use will increase and will threaten public health.11–16 The question of whether deterring use enhances public health was beyond the scope of our study, but we did examine the proposition that drug policies affect user behavior and deter use. It is possible that the causal arrow points the other way—that user behavior affects laws and policies, which has been the case with alcohol policies in some countries.17 However, the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937, which first criminalized cannabis, predated widespread cannabis use in the United States and had clear political origins.18–21 In the Netherlands, de facto decriminalization of cannabis was first forged in the late 1960s, when use was spreading among the youth counterculture. But Dutch policymakers decided that cannabis use was unlikely to lead to deeper deviance and that criminalization could lead to greater harm to users than the drug itself.3 In neither country, then, was user behavior the effective cause of laws or policies <span style="font-family: 'Cremona-Regular','serif'; font-size: 8.5pt;">.

9. Single, Eric. __The Economic Costs of Illicit Drugs and Drug Enforcement__ Drug Policy. Political Opinion. October 1998

(Good source about criminal effects of drug uses) <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times','serif'; margin-left: 0.5in;">Pharmacological effects of drugs: This explanation focuses on the relationship between drug consumption and violence for certain illicit drugs. Cocaine, other stimulants and PCP could induce violence by the loss of ego control, deterioration of judgment, induction of irritability and impulsiveness or the production of para- noid thoughts. But violence stemming from the phar- macological effects of illicit drugs is uncommon and cannot be attributed only to drug use. Many, indeed most, drug addicts who commit violent crimes began doing so prior to becoming drug dependent, indicating that the pharmacological effects of the drugs are at best only a partial explanation for their violent behavior.

10. Single, Eric. __The Economic Costs of Illicit Drugs and Drug Enforcement__ Drug Policy. Political Opinion. October 1998

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times','serif'; margin-left: 0.5in;">Need for addicts to commit crime to support their drug use: It is clear that some heroin and cocaine addicts commit property crimes to support their drug habits. Presumably these crimes are committed because the addict’s physical need for drugs is so strong that the demand for drugs is inelastic, i.e., unresponsive to price.

excerpts from **//Brave New World//** for possible citation:
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Chapter 3

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;">Ending is better than mending; ending is better …"

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1.5in;">"There was a thing, as I've said before, called Christianity."

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1.5in;">"Ending is better than mending."

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1.5in;">"The ethics and philosophy of under-consumption …"

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1.5in;">"I love new clothes, I love new clothes, I love …"

<span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% yellow; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1.5in;">"So essential when there was under-production; but in an age of machines and the fixation of nitrogen–positively a crime against society."

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">"Glum, Marx, glum." The clap on the shoulder made him start, look up. It was that brute Henry Foster. "What you need is a gramme of //soma//."

<span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% yellow; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1.5in;">"All the advantages of Christianity and alcohol; none of their defects."

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1.5in;">"Ford, I should like to kill him!" But all he did was to say, "No, thank you," and fend off the proffered tube of tablets.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1.5in;">"Take a holiday from reality whenever you like, and come back without so much as a headache or a mythology."

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1.5in;">"Take it," insisted Henry Foster, "take it."

<span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% yellow; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1.5in;">"Stability was practically assured."

<span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% yellow; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">"One cubic centimetre cures ten gloomy sentiments <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">," said the Assistant Predestinator citing a piece of homely hypnopædic wisdom

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Chapter 5 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">. “The President made another sign of the T and sat down. The service had begun. The dedicated //soma// tablets were placed in the centre of the table. The loving cup of strawberry ice-cream //soma// was passed from hand to hand and, with the formula, "I drink to my annihilation," twelve times quaffed. Then to the accompaniment of the synthetic orchestra the First Solidarity Hymn was sung”